Recent advances in artificial intelligence have spurred a growing debate on how to think about ethics in a world of semi-intelligent machines. This debate, however, has lacked counterfactual measures comparing people's judgment of machines with the judgment of equivalent human actions. In this presentation, I inform this debate by presenting dozens of experiments designed to compare the way in which people judge machines and humans in a variety of settings. The experiments touch on issues of algorithmic bias, privacy, law-enforcement, self-driving vehicles, and labor displacement. I then use statistical methods to model the behavior observed across these experiments, revealing general principles that govern the way in which people judge machines compared to humans. These findings are part of the forthcoming book: How Humans Judge Machines (MIT Press, 2020).